TRUE EYES

You can lie with the words

But, you can’t deny with your eyes

Eyes is your heart’s window

All the tears and happiness

Cause eyes is true

But, all I can do just staring of him

FINAL SEMESTER ICT

THE USE OF CALL IN THE SKILL APPLICATION OF GRAMMAR IS THE BEST WAY IN TEACHING-LEARNING ENGLISH

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

The exixtence of media as a tool of information nowadays is very important in teaching-learning process. It can make the information becoming real, simple, clear, and attracted. One media that can help the teacher and the student in teaching-learning process is computer. The computer is used as a medium, tool, aid, and intermediary for people. It can used as a part of the of the entire learning process, which is called as CALL or Computer Assisted Language Learning. CALL has a role in the application of language skills, such as reading, writing, listening, and speaking. However, the use of CALL in the skill application of grammar is the best way in teaching-learning English.

B. THE OBJECTIVES

This paper is written with the intention to deal with the use of CALL in the skill application of grammar is the best way in teaching-learning process.

II. FRAMEWORK

A. COMPUTER ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING

Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) is an approach to language teaching and learning in which computertechnology is used as an aid to the presentation, reinforcement, and assessment of material to be learned, usually including a substantial interactive element. It can make the language skills benefit to some extent, especially for the grammar skill appliacation. Geofrey, et al (1984, p.34) quotes Holmes and Kidd as stating it is often when applied to the grammar learning situation that the analytical and interactive capabilities (of computer) have been use4d to good advantage.

The use CALL in the skill application of grammar is the best way in teaching-learning process. First, most computer programs in foreign language deal with the grammar. CALL provides a lot of exercises to the grammar skill application, which are multiple choice, generative exercise, full sentence exercise, fill in the blank, etc. The multiple choice is the student’s exercise to choose the correct form. The CALL can provide the helpful comment for each choice, and since the choices in such an exercise are limited, the explanation can be clear and to the point. The generative exercise in CALL program is useful in helping the students create their own sentences. The program also concatenate the words to form a sentence. CALL also provides full sentence exeercise for transformation, completion, short translation, and scrambled sentence. Furthermore, it focuses on syntatic and morphological at the same time. A drill execise is giving correct forms of verbs or adjective. And tutorial is teaching grammatical concept and the drill on its application. It is one-to-one basis. It gears student’s individual responses and it also advices overcomes errors and reinforces grammatical pattern. The fill in exercises are especially programmed to work with the conjugation, declensions, and cases. It is easier to used for the studesnt since it requires one word answer. It also reduces error possibilities. And there are still many grammar exercises which can be applied with CALL program.

Second, the diversity types of answer processing for CALL in grammar exercises can be applied, such as correct or incorrect, record keeping and branching, tracking and diagnosis (partial answer processing), pattern mark up, authoring system, graphic diagnosis, etc. The correct-incorrect types of answer processing is actually unlike to motivate the students, and it leads to boredom, because the computer’s comment is only correct or incorrect. it is also less effort and the student is only guessing. The record keeping branching can be given to the student as an alternative choice of giving speech. The student also can be more interested in using it, for instance in correct-incorrect answer processing. The tracking and diagnosis (partial answer processing) is generally used in tutorial program. It deliver diagnostic messages to examine the student’s answer. It is anticipating the wrong answer by giving helpful messages describing the nature of the error. And the misspelling and typo are comment with ‘Something is wrong here. Check your typing or spelling’. The next answer processing is pattern mark up. It is used to diagnose extra letters, transposed word, and extraneous words. The answer processor or visual pinpointing is using like dash or other symbols. And the using of authoring system answer processing needs the writer just to write the questions with answer to create a grammar exercise, without anticipating possible errors and their explanations or engaging in any programming. Besides, the using of graphic diagnosis is one type of answer processing can be used in avoiding using verbal English and the use of grammatical terminology.

B. THE ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGE OF CALL IN APPLIED ON GRAMMAR SKILL APPLICATION

1.1. The Advantage of CALL in Applied on Grammar Skill Application

 Computer as a means or tool in language learning has many advantages which is useful for the student and the teacher in teaching-learning process. The advantage of CALL in applied on grammar skill application:

• The student can directly choose some topics about grammar which they prefer. The student does not have to read the material or the exercise. They are free to choose the selected material which they want to learn.
• The student individually can get more knowledge about grammar from the beginning until advanced level. And for the students who are missed the class, they do not have to be worry for missing the lesson.  Because CALL will solve their problem in simple, easy, and attracted.
• The student does not have to write down the down the note about the entire of lesson, for example a note about what is Past Tense, how to use Past Tense, etc is on the screen.
• CALL gives an alternative way of learning from the classic ir in monoton way. The students are more interested to do the grammar exercise than just do the exercise in the text book
• CALL can evaluate the student’s exercise correctly. The computer has never do wrong. There is no system in the computer which shows the wrong data. Sometimes, if they are too depend on techer’s information or knowledge, the information which is probably wrong. Because every human in this world, including teacher is sometimes doing some mistakes.

1.2. The Disadvantage of CALL in Applied Grammar Skill Application

Although the computer has never do wrong, it also has some weaknesses or disadvantages. The diadvantage of CALL in applied grammar skill application are:

• It is high cost to apply CALL in teaching-learning process.
• It is not simple to use the computer in applied the grammar exercise sometimes.  It is not too complicated if the teacher just asks the students to do the grammar exercise in the work sheet.

III. CONCLUSION

In short, CALL is one alternative choices in learning the language. The student will be more encourage doing the grammar exercise which sometimes it can make the student bored. Because CALL program gives an interesting an interesting and simple text. However, CALL is still the high cost material in teaching-learning process.

MID ICT

THE IMPORTANCE OF CALL PROGRAM IN LEARNING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE WITH ITS SKILL APPLICATION

The use of computer in language learning nowadays is popular. The computer system in language learning or we can say it as CALL (C omputer Assisted Language Learning). CALL is an approach to language teaching and learning in which computer technology is used as an aid tothe presentation, reinforcement, and assesment of material to be learned, usually including a substantial interactive element. It really gives the big advantages for the student in learning English as a foreign language. Leech, et al (quoted by Hartoyo, 2005, p.10) states all language skills can benefit from computer technology to some extent. Therefore, it is needed to know the importance of CALL program in learning English as a foreign language with its kill applicatiion.

The importance of CALL program in learning English as a foreign language with its skill application isd needed to know. The first is to know the grammar skill application. It is known that most computer programs in foreign language deal with grammar and vocabulary. Some program will say ‘correct’ and ‘incorrect’ or ‘yes’ and ‘no’ for answer which is given by the student in doing grammar exercise. CALL with the answer processing encouraged the student to say ‘never die’ when theymake some error answer. However, it can be lead to boredom. There are types of CALL grammar exercises. First, is multiple choice exercise where the students have to choose the correct form. Although some teachers do not like this kind of exerci9se, but it is believed that it can be enriched on the computer if precise and helpful comments are provided for each choices. However, it is unlikely to motivate the students because it is less effort and sometimes the students only like to guessing. The second type answer processing is Tracking and Diagnosis (Partial Answer Processing), which can anticipating the wrong answer by giving helpful messages describing the nature of the error and it can also check the student’s typing or spelling. The third is modules, as a supplement to regular classroom instruction. However, it only concentrates on difficult structures. The fourth is Authoring System, in which the students only write the questions and aswer without anticipating possible error and their explanation. The fifth is Generative Exercise, which can be useful in helping the students to create their own sentences. It can concatenate the words to form a sentence. Moreover, it can add specific articles or other noun markers, adjectives,etc. The sixth is Fill in the blank, which is useful for work with conjugation, declension, etc. It is much easier to handle since it requires one word answer. It also reduces error possibilities. And the seventh is Tutorial, which teaches the student about grammatical concept and drill on its application. It gears student’s individual responses because its one to basic. The tutoraial advices overcomes errors and reinforces grammatical pattern. It mostly used for remedial and review work.

The second is to know the writing skill application. CALL program can respond well to the student’s exercise in developing form and vocabulary. It can do to correct the errors of the student’s writing, because the computers never do wrong. However, the student can become inhibited in their free writing. The text editor is as an aid in learning writing. The student is encouraged to compose a final version. They can print good and correctable copy. Besides, the computer produces a neat and uniform text. The neat pages with an attractive format make the student to be easier to read other student’s writing. And the computer can display visual visual material. Static or moving, on apart of the simulations.

The third is to know skill application. The CALL program requires the ‘page turner’ in reading skill application. The students do not have to open the other page with the noisy. They just press to ‘return key’ to see the next paragraph by the computer and the exercise can be adjusted to match appropriately challenge the student’s ability level. Moreover, the learning teaching -learning using CALL program in reading skill application is more interactive and dynamic.

The fourth is to know speaking and listening skill application. The CALL program for speaking is manifest. The computer can immediately replay the text text segment if the student has difficultty on it. The computer generated speech, which is taken to digitized speech and synthetic speech. The using of synthetic speech is to direct the student’s attention to selected aspects of text or images on the screen. And the most promising area for improving listening skill is computer controlled video, random access video, via the video disc, and computer controlled video tape can offer the student a realistic visual for imparting knowledge of language and culture. And the computer controlled audio lets the students to record their simulateous conversation. However, its high quality cost and its difficulty of abtaining high quality and up to date video material made some people concern as a learning tool.

And the fifth is to know the culture skill application. Brown and Jones(quoted by Elizabeth,et al, 2000) states the language is not only part of how we define the culture, it also reflect the culture. It means that if we learn the language, we will learn the culture of people. Unfortunately, the culture has not been yet reflected in software. The simuloation can require the students to modify and interpret cultural information in any situation. The events, architecture, music, geography, etc can be transformed into the computer. And the brightest future for the computer based study of foreign cultures lies in the use of video tape and video disk to present authentic materials for intensive study. Moreover, the computer controlled video can go far in providing the students with realistic preparation for experience abroad.

In conclusion, CALL program is the most effective way for student in mastery learning English as a foreign language. It assests for English skill; reading, writing, listening, speaking, and also culture. However, it is needed high cost in applying it.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

- Hartoyo, M.A.,Ph.D, Individual Differences in Computer-Assisted Language Learniong (CALL), Universitas Negeri Semarang Press, 2006

- Hope, Geoffrey, et al, Using Computers in Teaching Foreign Language

- Www. google.com      

TUGAS ICT

THE ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF CALL PROGRAM IN TEACHING AND LEARNING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

CALL is an approach to language teaching and learning in which computer technology is used as an aid to the presentation, reinforcement, and assesment of material to be learned, usually including a substantial interactive learning.

CALL is assumed to be the better way in learning and teaching English as a foreign language than any other non computer. It is more flexible and it can encourage the students learning actively. To apply CALL in learning and teaching English well, there must be a good software to facilitate it. Otherwise, the student will not interewst to use and learn it. Therefore, we want to explain about the advantage and disadvantage of CALL program in teaching and learning English as a foreign language in applied of these software:

1. TALK NOW

The education world is getting more attracted because of the existence of ‘TALK NOW’ software which is applying CALL program.

The Advantage of this program:

• The exercise is easy and simple for low level student, so it can motivate the student to do the exercise and do it again.
•  The exercise is facilitated with the fun game and the lay out is colourful , so the student will not get bored.

The Disadvantage of this program:

• The comment is not creative. When the student do the exercise with correct or not correct answer, the comment is just ‘YES’ or ‘NO’.
• The exercise is too boring. It is just matching the word and it is not appropriate for the advanced level student.
• It should be facilitated morre than just two or more expresion for speaking practice. The short conversation between two or more people about the topic in one situation is better.
• The exercise for speaking practice is not good enough for the advanced student’s level. It is only choosing the appropriate picture to the suitable expression.
•  The model performance is too boring, because the just respond with smile and smile.

So, this software as far as we know is good enough for the low level students who want to learn English as a foreign language, but it is not good enough for the student in advanced level.

2. EURO TALK

The existence of Euro Talk can be made as a reference for the students who want to learn English better.

The Advantage of this program:

• It is a good program for the students who want to speak English very well in the beginning level.
• It is simple. The students just ‘click’ the programme which they want to choose.
•  The student can practice and record the expression from what the speaker’s say.
• The model of native speaker is attracted. And the students feel like studying with real life.

The Disadvantage of this program:

• The dialogue practice should be like a kind of movie; real conversation.
• The program for ‘practice speaking’ is too simple and it make the students feel bored.
• There is no fun game. Sometimes it is important to apply fun game in teaching-learning, because it can give refreshment for the bored situation.
•  If the student make an answer with correct or not correct, the respond is not just ‘X’ or ‘V’. It should be more creative.

So, this program is good enough for the student in the beginning to learn how to speak English.

3. ISSUE IN ENGLISH

It is a programme which represents the issue in English, such as smoking, euthanasia, etc. It is good to use for those who are in advanced level.

The Advantage of this program:

• It is easy handed. If we just shake the mouse, but it does not touch it, there is a sound recorded based on the picture.
• There is ‘Teaching Points’ for the teacher and the student. So, they will know better about the skills that they want to teach for the student. And the student will know which skill they have to master it.
• The student can choose the exercise of those skills (listening, vocabulary, grammar, speaking, and writing).
• The student’ answer on the exercise is comment with various praise, and it can be made the student motivated.
•  There student can learn how to write well in puntuation and there is also dictation which can make the student write the vocabulary well.
•  The exercise is easy and simple for listening practice, it is just matching the pictures to the words.

The Disadvantage of this program:

• There is no model for the real conversation. The speaker just talks in one way.
• There is no simple note for the using of tenses or what is tenses. The students just fill down the sentence which is ordered to write in the present continuos tense, etc.
•  The exercise is too simple and it is not appropriate with the advanced level student.
•  The exercise is sometimes too boring, because it is only review the question from set 1 and so on.

So, this program is good enough for the advanced level. The can learn about the  discussion nowadays; smoking, environment, euthanasia, etc. And they are also taught to write the summary, punctuation, and so on. Moreover, there is ‘Teaching Points’ whhich can be used in teaching-learning English as a foreign language.

4. CHILDREN’S SONG

It is only the add list in learning English. The children must be like the song. Through the song, they would be more know about the vocabulary. However, the pronounciation is Singapore stylish. And it is not good enough for the student in learning English.

TIPS FOR TEACHER

First, try to understand what the student’s need. Teacher is not only  as a souce of information, but also as an educator.

Second, The teacher’s performance is important to give a best image for the students, from the clothes, accecories, etc. Don’t be too much act and try to use the soft colour dress. And don’t forget to stay in good smell. Remember, teacher is also a model in the class!

Third, The teacher is a source of patient, smart, care, etc. So, for You, all the teachers never say to die. Even in handling the students who like to annoying you. Keep spirit!

Last but not least,  keep always to motivate them to know and learn about the real life. Share our experience for their next guidance, and don’t forget to give the best smile of monalisa to them, okay!

So, have spirit!

The Competence in Teaching English as a Foreign Language

English is an international language that is used widely all over the world. Ith has fours skill, such as rerading, writing, listening, andspeaking that should be mastered by people, especially for teacher and student. Teaching English as a foreian language needs some competences of the teacher in doing learning-teaching activity successfully. The competences that should be applied by English teacher in learning-teaching activity are approach, method, and technique.

The first competence that should be understood by tha teacher is the approach. According to Edward Anthony (1963), an approach is a set correlative assumptions dealing with the nature of language learning and teaching. It is also the level theories of language learning and teaching. An approach is axiomatic. Within one approach, there can be many methods. For example, interactive games are often used in Audio Lingual courses for motivation and to provide a change to pace from pattern-practice drill. In Communicative Language Teaching, yhe same game may be used to introduce or provide practice for particular types of interactive exchanges. The key to dynamic teachung is the interaction between one’s approach and classroom practice. The teacher could disseminate the best approach in learning-teaching activity, mainly in teaching English as a foreign language, so the student eager to learn English better. For example, the teacher could combine the Natural Approach, which was introduced by Tracy Terreli in 1977 in the same time with the Oral Approach or Situational Language Teaching in 1980. The diversity approach in some method will make the interactive classroom. Therefore, the teacher can not ignore which should be used in learning-teaching English. And the teacher should be wise and smart in using the right approach to encourage student’s English competence.
The second competence that a teacher should prepare is the method. Richards and Rogers (1986) said that method was an umbrella term to capture redefined approaches, designs, and procedures. Similarly, Prabu (1990) thought of method as both classroom activities and theory informs them. A method is a way which is used to reach the goal. The teacher needs to use it in teaching and its variety shows the competence of teacher 9in managing the classroom. One method is The Grammar Translation Method, which was widely used in the USA in 1980. It is not the best method which is used by the teacher in teaching English, but it is a good method for the teacher with a little English proficiency can teach the language. It also develop student’s writing skill. And for a student who responds well to rules, structures, error correction. The Grammar Translation Method can provide a challenging learning process. Another method is the Direct Method which was associated with Francois Guinn and Charles Berlitz. It is believed to be the first method that encourages language teacher to teach a foreign language by modelling first language learning. In this method, grammar is taught inductively with no explanations of grammar rules, which is really an improvement in language teaching. There is also Audio Lingual Mrthod, which was introduced in the USA in 1940. This method was prepared to people in mastering foreign language orally in a short time. Besides these methods, there are some methods which are used anddeveloped by the teacher in teaching English, such as Silent Way, Community Language Learning, Suggestopedia, Total Physical Response.
The third competence that teacher should understanding is the technique. Mackey (1975) said a technique is implementation. It is something actually takes place in language teaching or learning in the classroom. So, all activities that take place in language class and the roles of language teacher are also regarded as technique. The language teachers or English teachers should improve their own technique by considering the underlying principles of the method. Some examples of technique in error correction are the teacher often praises when a student has made a good thing in learning the language in tha Audiio Language Teaching, and the teacher just repeats the right one if the student has produced a wrong expression in the Total Physical Response Method. Meanwhile, the teachers do not praise or criticize the students if they have made a good thing in learning language, so they learn to rely on themselves. This is an example of techniques in error correction in the Silent Way Method, and the teachers do not care if the student make an error expression as long as it does not hinder communication. And this is an example of technique in error correction in the Natural Method.
In short, teaching English as a foreign language needs some competences of the teacher in doing laerning-teaching succesfully, there are approach, method, and technique. However, these are not absolute factors, but it can encourage the language acquisition of the student.